A revolutionary ward-based genetic test which can prevent stroke related death has received a UKCA product mark, paving the way for its introduction to the NHS.
Developed by Manchester based company genedrive, working with a clinical team from Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT) and The University of Manchester, the test can quickly tell healthcare professionals if stroke patients will benefit from the current first line treatment, to prevent recurrence.
Strokes affect more than 6,000 people in Greater Manchester each year. Individuals carrying changes in a gene called CYP2C19 are twice as likely to have further strokes when treated with the first line preventative treatment, clopidogrel.
Patients being treated for mini strokes, also called transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), heart attacks, and peripheral vascular disease could also benefit from the technology, the Manchester clinical team says.
The genetic changes- which occur in about 25% of all patients in the UK (and up to 50% in different ethnic groups) reduce the effectiveness of clopidogrel – given as standard for most patients with stroke or TIA in the UK.
If these genetic changes can be detected before treatment, then doctors can use an alternative, more effective medicine. This would prevent further strokes, avoiding hospital admissions, saving lives, and reducing costs for the health service.
The technology this week formally receives the UK Conformity Assessed (UKCA) mark, the UK’s equivalent of the European CE mark after a process taking several years of development and validation.
Recent draft guidance from the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommended that patients who have had a stroke or TIA should be offered genetic testing for variants in a gene called CYP2C19.
Current genetic testing for CYP2C19 can only be carried out using expensive machines in specialist laboratories a process which can take several weeks.
However, the Genedrive® System uses a miniaturised technology for gene reading which can be performed locally in the ward or bedside, can be used with minimal training, and rapidly provides the clinician results in around an hour.
A cheek swab taken at a patient’s bedside is inserted into a testing cartridge and then the cartridge is inserted into the Genedrive System, which is about the size of a shoebox. The instrument interprets the genetic information on the patient and informs the clinician with options on the course of treatment.
The test will be used at Manchester Royal Infirmary and the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Saint Mary’s Hospital, both part of MFT, over the next six months, to further evaluate performance in the clinical setting.
Bill Newman, Professor of Translational Genomic Medicine at the University of Manchester and consultant in Genomic medicine at MFT leads the project.
He said: “Patients who have had a stroke, are likely to be at risk of further, more serious strokes. This is a worrying time for patients, their families and carers. Therefore, it is vital we use new approaches to ensure that patients get onto the right treatment as quickly as possible.”
Joseph, 29, who lives in London, had genetic testing at the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine to determine if clopidogrel is the right treatment for him following a stroke. He said: “Patients who have had a stroke, are likely to be at risk of further, more serious strokes. This is a worrying time for patients, their families and carers. Therefore, it is vital we use new approaches to ensure that patients get onto the right treatment as quickly as possible.”
Joseph, 29, who lives in London, had genetic testing at the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine to determine if clopidogrel is the right treatment for him following a stroke. He said: “After suffering a stroke, I’ve been left with a lot of uncertainty around the cause, as well as apprehension that it could happen again. Confirming my ability to metabolise clopidogrel effectively has given me comfort in my ongoing management and prevention by providing reassurance that the medication is helping limit the risk of a secondary stroke.
“I was grateful that my genetic test results came back within a week but receiving that reassurance within an hour would have undoubtedly improved my experience.
“I feel fortunate to have had the genetic test and I hope that all patients being considered for clopidogrel medication will have the opportunity going forward. Having a bedside test to check the drug is working properly will revolutionise stroke aftercare and patient experience.”
Dr John McDermott, a National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Fellow from The University of Manchester and Clinical Geneticist at MFT said: “This work began with a grant from the Wellcome Trust four years ago, which supported development of a prototype system with Genedrive.
“A major challenge faced across healthcare is finding pathways develop, validate, and ultimately implement novel technology like this in the clinical setting.
“In April 2023, we were awarded £4.1million in funding from Innovate UK to launch the DEVOTE programme, which is coordinated by Health Innovation Manchester and provides a framework for us to do this across Greater Manchester.”
DEVOTE represents a collaboration between industry, universities, and healthcare professionals to support the development and validation of time critical genomic testing technology, building on Greater Manchester’s world leading reputation in this area.
The programme builds on research from the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), which focuses on making pharmacogenetic testing more accessible to patients to improve clinical outcomes.