Here is an A-Z list of clinical conditions covered by Greater Manchester Immunology Service, together with the relevant immunological tests for each condition.

A

• Acute leukaemia – Acute Leukaemia panel CD2, CD10, CD13, CD14, CD19, CD33, CD34, CD79a, CD117, TdT and MPO
• Adrenal failure – Adrenal antibody, Ovary antibodies, Testis antibodies
• Anaphylactoid reactions to drugs, etc – Refer patients to the combined Immunology/Anaesthetic clinic
• Anaphylaxis – IgE (Total), Mast Cell Tryptase
• Angioedema (Hereditary) – C1 esterase inhibitor, C1 esterase inhibitor functional test
• Asthma – IgE (Total), Allergen specific IgE (ImmunoCAP)
• Atopic Eczema – IgE (Total), Allergen specific IgE (ImmunoCAP)

 

 

B

• B cell enumeration – Immunodeficiency (T&B Lymphocyte Subsets)
• Bernard-Soulier Syndrome – Platelet glycoprotein expression
• Bird Fancier’s Disease – Avian precipitins
• Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis – Aspergillus fumigatus precipitins

 

 

C

• C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency (acquired) – C1 esterase inhibitor, C1q, Complement C3, Complement C4
• Chronic lymphocytic malignancies/lymphoma – Chronic lymphocytic/lymphoma panel: CD3, CD5, CD19, CD23, CD79b, Kappa chains, Lambda chains, FMC7, CD38
• Coeliac Disease – Coeliac Disease Antibodies
• Conjunctivitis – Allergen specific IgE (ImmunoCAP)
• Cryoglobulinaemia (mixed) – Cryoglobulins

 

 

D

• Dermatitis herpetiformis – Coeliac Disease Antibodies
• Dressler’s syndrome – Cardiac muscle antibodies

 

 

F

• Farmer’s Lung – Farmer’s lung precipitins (Micropolysporium faeni and T vulgaris)

 

 

G

• Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia – Platelet glycoprotein expression
• Gonadal Failure – Ovary antibodies, Testis antibodies, Adrenal antibody
• Goodpasture’s syndrome – Glomerular basement membrane antibodies

 

H

• Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) – EMA Binding Assay (HS Screen)

 

I

• IgA nephropathies – Raised Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)
• Immunodeficiency (Primary) – Immunodeficiency (T&B Lymphocyte Subsets)
• Immunodeficiency (Secondary), HIV – Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), electrophoresis; CD4 count (T cell count) for patients with known HIV serology

 

L

• Lymphoproliferative disorders – Immunophenotyping for lymphoid (Chronic lymphocytic/lymphoma panel) and myeloid malignancies (Acute Leukaemia panel) (full clinical information required)
• Liver autoimmunity – Smooth muscle mitochondrial antibodies; Liver kidney microsomal (LKM), Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)
• Lymphoid/myeloid malignancies – Cell surface markers appropriate to diagnostic information provided

 

M

• Mixed connective tissue disease – ENA antibodies, particularly RNP Ab to ENA including Sm, Sm/RNP, RNP(RNP A, RNP68), Ro(SS-A52 SSA60), La(SS-B), Ribo P, Scl-70, Jo-1 and Chromatin
• Motor neuropathy – Ganglioside Antibodies GM1
• Myasthenia gravis – Acetyl Choline Receptor Antibodies

 

N

• Necrotising crescentic glomerulonephritis – Myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies (p-ANCA)
• Nephrotic syndrome – Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)

 

P

• Paraproteinaemia, Myeloma – Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) (including immunofixation), Free Light Chains, Bence Jones protein (Urinary light chains) Urine immunofixation: β2 Microglobulin
• Pemphigus/Pemphigoid – Skin antibodies, Immunohistology
• Polyendocrine Autoimmunity – Adrenal antibody, Ovary antibodies, Testis antibodies, Islet Cell Antibodies, Ab to gastric parietal cells. Additional: Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere, Smooth muscle mitochondrial antibodies, Acetyl Choline Receptor Antibodies (if indicated)
• Polymyositis/Dermatomyositis – Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere, antibodies to Jo-1 ENA includes: Sm, Sm/RNP, RNP(RNP A, RNP68), Ro(SS-A52 SSA60), La(SS-B), Ribo P, Scl-70, Jo-1 and Chromatin
• Primary anti-phospholipid antibody syndrome – Anti-phospholipid antibodies, Cardiolipin (IgG and IgM) antibodies

 

R

• Recurrent foetal loss – Ab to phospholipids, Cardiolipin (IgG and IgM) antibodies
• Rhinitis – IgE (Total), Allergen specific IgE (ImmunoCAP)

 

S

• Scleroderma/systemic sclerosis – Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere (CREST). Antibodies to Scl-70. ENA  includes: Sm, Sm/RNP, RNP(RNP A, RNP68), Ro(SS-A52 SS-A60), La(SS-B), Ribo P, Scl-70, Jo-1 and Chromatin
• Sjögren’s syndrome – Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere, antibodies to extractable nuclear antigens (ENA ) includes Ro, La
• SLE – Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere (includes anticentromere), Double stranded DNA antibodies (IgG), Ab to ENA  includes: Sm, Sm/RNP, RNP(RNP A, RNP68), Ro(SS-A52 SSA60), La(SS-B), Ribo P, Scl-70, Jo-1 and Chromatin Other indicators include: Raised IgG Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), electrophoresis, Low Complement C3, Complement C4
• Systemic Autoimmune Disease –Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere (includes anticentromere), Rheumatoid factor, Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)

 

T

• TB (latent) – Gamma Interferon (Quantiferon)
• Thyroid Disease – Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies

 

U

• Urticaria (Acute) – IgE (Total), Allergen specific IgE (ImmunoCAP)

 

V

• Vasculitis (Primary systemic) – Wegener’s, Churg-Strauss, Microscopic polyarteritis, Henoch-Schönlein Purpura, Kawasaki’s Syndrome – Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere (includes anticentromere), Myeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies (p-ANCA), PR3 autoantibodies (cANCA), Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM)electrophoresis, IgE (Total), CRP (Biochemistry)
• Vasculitis (small vessel hypersensitivity) – Antinuclear antibody (ANA), includes anticentromere, Rheumatoid factor, Complement C3, Complement C4, Cryoglobulins, Immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), electrophoresis, Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)

 

(Last reviewed September 2024)